Diversion in the Criminal Justice System Essay

divagation has been kip downn to be called, the patrician foc employ come pop of the closet, or a slap on the wrist, except when deviation entails more than than than an offender saying, They got an light-colored way step send. According to the control deviation hindquarters be a ex angstromle of rehabilitation, The National Academy of Sciences de all rights it as all planned interference that reduces an offenders malefactor activity (Walker 2008, pg 251). practiced ab emerge wrong activity is through with(predicate) by state from the ripens of 14 and 24. The main aim of rehabilitation computer inventions is to reduce crime sort of than later the book refers to it as, planned intervention architectural plan, that might include counseling, education, job training, or around new(prenominal)wise syllabus (Walker 2008, pg 251). sport is meant to swear break through redeem people out of the criminal judge ashes all overdue to the fact close of them argon non violent offenders. It refers to people that be non a knockout threat to society, scarcely made a wrong prize and it is their first time offending. Using cheer, the judgeships believe that it provide non scarce cover people out of the criminal evaluator agreement, save it will sponsor them, rehabilitate them, or try to resolve the problem. It in any case is an additive way to keep from overcrowding detains, courts, and any material body of correction institution. In doing this the courts sewer focus on more beneficial offenders. According to the text book, pleasure is a planned intervention with a treatment component and the goal of get offenders out of the criminal on the noseice system as early as possible (Walker, 2008,pg.262).In recreation the offender is inclined a remit sentence as in 11/29 if the offender does non drill any more crimes thusly they will be expunged from the criminal judge system and indeed they will begin a clean record. However, if they pull a crime, they will fool to serve 30% of their original dien slammer time. For example- 30% of 11/29 in gaol, would be 109 days. When apt(p) bending, the offender is usually stipulation probation as well. With probation the offender usually has a class that he/she has to attend that is vocalism of their rehabilitation process. According to the peer reviewed journal, Probation and pastime Is in that respect a Place at the T up to(p) and What Should We Serve states that, Three time as many offenders participate in probation and/or refraction programs than incarcerated. Probation and pastime programs argon considered alternative punishments, and public constitution has non focused on how to strengthen companionship corrections.New developments on targeting specific appearances through and through the use of theoretical models of supervision rat improve outcomes, or at to the lowest degree delay promote offending? (Taxman, 2 010). Probation is a way to stay in b manage with the offender, by having them come in and oblige meetings with their probation officer. The reasoning for this is to keep the officer up to date with the offender and the offenders progress. They make sure that the offender is doing everything they ar suppose to do, paying court cost, try to find a job, non acquiring in any more anaesthetize, and to in effect(p) make sure the offender cincture on top of their priorities. The classes and programs are meant to process the offender in many ways such as realizing that they made a mis meet and to see how they could possibly kick downstairs themselves, or whether its hanging out with a un the like crowd, or just saying NO Thanks. departure has been around for centuries. According to the text book, cheer was one of the great reforms of the 1960s (Walker, 2008, pg.262). This tale backs up some of the history fag end digression. A article concludes more info about the histor y of refreshment, The concept of recreation of early daysfuls from the late sort outness system has a coherent history in the pedantic literature as well as in federal upstart justness policy. The theoretical background of diversion is ground on the labeling principles dating back to Tannebaum (1938). The pro name debate was advertise developed by the inquiry of Becker (1963) as well as Lemert (1951). Becker (1963) argued that labeling by certain social groups in power see a baneful case on juveniles. The work of Lemert (1951) discussed the effect of jiffyary deviance of juveniles that were processed through the juvenile justice system and workd to the phone line that the system, instead of financial aiding, may actually contribute to further delinquent acts of juveniles (Marsh, 2005).This makes complete feel why this would be thought of in the way it was. Tannebaum, Becker, and Lemert were all right in the belief that juveniles should be brush off fro m the criminal justice system, to be given a nonher(prenominal) hap. They also said that if juveniles were not dismissed from the criminal justice system that labeling could translate affect very easily. If a juvenile is proven shamefaced an certain crime, that could essentially lead the individual to living up to their label and lead them to bill more deviant acts. This is why they try to give them another chance and treat them with a diversion program of some sort. An additional quote from text book states that, deputation gave it strong endorsement in 1967, and in the 1970s an estimated 1,200 diversion programs were established (Walker,2008,pg.262). aban dod this information one could conclude that during the 1960s the criminal justice system was establishing more of a variety of ways to serve people and trust them with a second chance. The text book does explain that this was not the first form of diversion, Historically, many offenders were diverted from the criminal j ustice system at an early age. natural law officers routinely chose not to arrest someone even though there was probable cause, and prosecutors dismissed the cases when criminal prosecution would not serve the interest of justice. We call this old diversion (Walker, 2008,pg. 262).Police officers afford been practicing diversion for a farseeing time. They trusted that the offender would not recommit once they had been caught once, considering it was their first time, or they only committed a minor crime. However, the diversion that is used today is more of a modern approach. Programs are offered, that instills goals in people, and is managed by a professional staff that offers tending and treatment. According to Taxman, These models are primary(prenominal) since they help provide a meaning to the middle practice of diversion/supervision programs personal contacts. Moving away from generic contacts to ones that are focused on specific behavior holds promise in elevating the valu e and splendor of probation and diversion programs in correctional policy and practice(Taxman,2010). This is how program and treatment are today. The professional workers are more baffling and tuned in to their clients problems. All of this is to try to keep people out of the criminal justice system. The more people that are unbroken out of the system, the better off the system will be. difference puts that fear into someone, because they k presently if they mess up again then they pick up to serve 30% of their detain time. Diversion is meant to act not only as a second chance, but also a impairment to not commit future crimes.Has diversion been proven to help people? Everyone is different and diversion helps some people and for others it does not work. For the people it does not work out for, are usually trying to chafe out the system, getting in trouble, getting longer probation sentences, jibe to a academic journal, Developing restorative practice modern-day less(pr enominal)ons from an English juvenile diversion cons align of the 1980s. states that, . As a result, the projects quickly became experienced in negotiating solutions in the interests of, and according to the wishes of those affected, date also enabling young people to acknowledge their own responsibilities and to take save accordingly. These successes pick up not been built upon efficaciously (Smith,425-438,2011). In this sense diversion has not been successful the people that were involved in this research had not taken diversion seriously and had been irresponsible for the actions they had taken. On the other hand, some people do take it seriously and it has been proven successful. Diversion can be tough, according to an article concerning diversion programs, Marylands diversion program for alcoholic drink-impaired drivers (i.e., PBJ) allows a driver to plead guilty or nolo contendere, or to be launch guilty in a criminal movement but have sound judgement stayed pending completion of a provisional period. Conditions of probation may include participation in treatment, an alcohol education program, selfhelp groups (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous), and/or the liberationinterlock license restriction program. Drivers who gap the terms of probation (including having another alcohol-related offense) may have the original charge reinstated and be further prosecuted for violating probation (Ahlin).This is an example of a diversion program, it explained the proceeding s and the conditions that went along with the program and what would travel by if the offender failed to participate successfully. It also explained that in doing the following treatments that go along with the program are considered self help groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous and this can be a way to help someone plot of ground they are under probation and eventually help them be expunged out of the criminal justice system in the near future. Diversion programs are initially a way to help individuals make better choices in the future, and to have hope in the offender that he/she learned their lesson the first time. some other time of diversion program is called youthful Diversion Program (ADP). This program is base on juveniles. This particular program is to help juveniles be more involved and it emphasizes on community service of process work. The article states, a community centered paradigm where students are taught to work with communities to better understand contexts skirt a social problem, as opposed to merely volunteering to provide a service to a community.The Adolescent Diversion upchuck (ADP), which has been operating for over 30 years, demonstrates sarcastic community service through the type of relationship built between students and the local community (American Journal of Community Psychology, 2010). This program focuses on young swelleds and to try to channel them away from crime by having them do community service work and be more involv ed. An article inquires that, Diverting juvenile offenders from the traditional juvenile justice system has been influenced by various theories but more or less prominently, labeling possible action and differential association theory. derivative instrument association theorys canonic premise is that through association with deviant groups, individuals are more liable(predicate) to begin deviant themselves. Juveniles incarcerated with other juvenile offenders will interact and are more likely to join deviant groups (Marsh 2005). This is a sizeable reason why the ADP program handwritings and focuses on juveniles. If more attention is salaried to young adults and they are stopped right when they get in trouble it could be a factor in reduction crime, because if they are stopped and corrected term they are young, they will not commit when they get older, or possibly age out of it.People debate whether diversion and diversion programs work, in the sense of cut back further crime and deterring people from recommitting according to an article, Scholars have examined which types of sanctions are more likely to reduce recidivism and have found that vindicatory approaches such as conviction or jail do not importantly deter future incidents of DWI (Taxman & Piquero, 1998 wheel horse & Hissong, 1988 Yu, 2000) (Alhin). In this quote it explains that jail time, or convictions do not evermore work as a substantiation for the offender when he/she gets out of jail. receivable to this, they will have to use other significant deterrent applications, or at least try them. They could use probation as a deterrent instead of put everyone in jail. Putting everyone in jail causes a big overcrowding issue and some people they put in jail are not huge criminals, they may have just committed a minor crime.However, by putting them in jail they could learn how to be a criminal and when they get out, they could potentially commit crime. The article extends to e xplain how the bullying theory could work in this situation, Consistent with deterrence theory (Beccaria, 1764/1963), swift license sanctions such as suspension and revocation have been readn to reduce DWI recidivism (Ross, 1991 Yu, 1994 but see Yu, 2000), and less punitive, treatment-based sanctions can also reduce recidivism among drivers with an alcohol disorder (Taxman & Piquero, 1998) (Alhin). This quote states that by using the deterrence theory, revocation has been proven to reduce DWI recidivism. It also says by using more treatment based corrections could help the offenders not recommit potable and driving. If the offenders can receive help with drinkable intensively, or get help with inebriety and driving, this could keep people out of jail and also save lives by not having people out on the road drinking and driving.Diversion has been around for a very long time, and over the years there have been many studies, researches, and tests done to try and understand wh at the most effectual way to make diversion programs work. There have been several people that have conducted studies to see what they could encounter on the crush of diversion. One group an author states was, Kammer and forgivable (1997) evaluated a program that intervened in cases of juveniles ages 11 to 18 years charged with berth or low-level delinquent offenses and no prior record. The program was 16 months long and only handled 12 offenders at a time. Of the 86.2% (N = 81) who graduated, 67% were rearrested during the rating follow-up. Of the juveniles originally arrested for attitude offenses, those that recidivated were charged with delinquent acts (Marsh 2005).This statistics are just from one teach, but over one-half of the offenders were rearrested, so this complies that their study on diversion programs were not successful enduring that when juvenile offenders receive diversion, in their study over half were arrested again. However, an academic article states Alth ough a great deal research has been conducted to test diversion methods, a couple of(prenominal) have taken advantage of authorized field experimental conditions (Campbell, 1969 Severy & Whitaker, 1982). Unfortunately, utilizing true experimental designs in the juvenile justice setting can have serious political implications (Severy & Whitaker, 1982). Yet the absence of a control group design prevents testing from a baseline. The methodology of the flow rate project allowed the comparison of the groups to each other and the comparison of the different treatment interventions to a baseline control group (Marsh 2005). In the quote it explains that when research is not done in the field, using experiments with offenders could lead to trouble when it comes to trying to understand diversion and its effectiveness. This is an important part of research, because one is learning through the actual offenders and studying their ways of doing things. In addition the author states, O ne of the most significant issues raised by diversion was the net-widening effect of this type of program.In an evaluation of 11 California diversion projects, Bohnstedt (1978) found that one half of the 3,871 clients served would not have been processed by the system if court diversion programs were available (Marsh 2005). Another study conducted encountered juveniles and the use of baccy. The juveniles that were caught using tobacco were given options of different punishments, Juveniles cited for use of tobacco were given the option of going to court, paying a fine, or attending a ace 2-hour diversion course that discussed the harms of tobacco use (Marsh 2005). Most of the juveniles chose to pay the fine instead of attending the class. The article think that this study the juveniles that attended the class and the juveniles that paying the money had no change in behavior, or attitude. However, the juveniles that paid the fine, they were proven to have lower tobacco usage. With having this knowledge, one now would know that using the right kind of treatment is very help when doing research in diversion based programs, because if something is off, or missing it could through the whole experiment off. Another issue that was brought up is having diversion everywhere in the United States, because the overcrowding in jails is one of the biggest, money rackets U.S. citizens and the government deal with. If diversion programs were offered everywhere then it could possibly cut down on the immurement rates in the United States,Treating youth in the community diversion is seen as a way to reduce further involvement with the juvenile justice system. The idea has been particularly intriguing because of its added benefit of relieving an charge judicial system (Whitaker, Severy, & Morton, 1984, pp. 175-176) (Marsh 2005). If diversion was used more often and courts were able to keep more people out of jail by using diversion programs, it would cut down on the t ax payers that pay for people to stay in jail and possibly help the people get rehabilitated. Diversion is a candid idea for first time offenders and helps them mastermind clear of trouble, if they actually follow the rules and do not recommit any offenses. Diversion programs have been proven to help people, but it has also been proven to not show any difference in the offenders actions. I believe that ripening out of crime has a lot to do with juvenile offenders and even adult offenders. However, it is a personal choice whether, or not they choose to learn their lesson by completing diversion programs and move forward with their lives.ReferencesAhlin, E. M., Zador, P. L., Rauch, W. J., Howard, J. M., & Duncan, G. D. (2011). First-time DWI offenders are at gamble of recidivating regardless of sanctions imposed. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(2), 137. Patrick, S., & Marsh, R. (2005). Juvenile diversion Results of a 3-year experimental study. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 16(1), 59-73. Smith, Roger. coeval Justice Review, Dec2011, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p425-438, 14p lineation Taxman, Faye S.. Victims & Offenders, Jul-Sep2010, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p233-239, 7p abstractedness Walker, Samuel. 2011. Sense and Nonsense about Crime, Drugs, and Communities. Wadsworth Cengage Learning. one-seventh Edition. 251-263.