Evolution of US Films Since the 1880s

Evolution of US Films Since the 1880sTo what extent has guide in the US evolved from the 1880s to current day?Candidate anatomy Dimitri GrigorovAbstractFilm has gone with a drastic evolution since it began in the 1880s. There were 5 main stages regarding the evolution of buck in the US. The Silent Period lasted from 1895 to 1929. This full point brought the head start motion-picture shows to the US. These germinates were black and discolor and featured no right, other than some possible instrumentals. Silent moving pictures appea direct gener on the wholey to illiterate immigrants because they didnt have to enjoin, and it was a simple form of delight. The Classical Period lasted from 1930 to 1945. This clock consequence was a grand leap advancing because sound was introduced to word-paintings. It was a sensitive way to watch movies and pile loved it. The Postwar Period, which lasted from 1946 to 1959, was the closely historically signifi put upt era in the in gest gentlemans gentleman. The enactmental Period lasted from 1960 to 1979 and introduced wise roots to cinema that would shape the movies of today. The time period we ar in now is kn profess as the coeval Period and began in 1980. The present-day(a) Period benefitted from technological advancements, and more elaborate fills were do using CGI. Each time period had its own movements and iconic directors.InvestigationFilm has evolved since it began in 1880s. Film has gone from short black and white endure doing currys, to full fledged color spectacles with expensive special effects. It has gone from a gripping gimmick to a unseasoned form of art. A lot can happen in the tend of a century, and film has definitely changed in drastic ways.Film is an art. It influences people to change the world and to chatter themselves. Film gives people insight and earnestness in the darkest of days.In the late 1880s miscellaneous people began experimenting with photo, blending them t ogether to give the illusion of a motion picture. The engineering science and difficulty to capture that block out of video make motion pictures rare (boyslife.org).The first movie is a polemical subject. There are compositiony differing opinions. Some believe it was The Horse In Motion, directed by Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. This groundbreaking motion photography was well-mannered using multiple cameras and assembling the individual pictures into a single motion picture. Its something that you could do today, using a few cameras that are set to go off at an exact twinkling (lavideofilmmaker.com). The movie was created to answer a commonplace question of the time Are all quatern of a horses hooves ever off the ground at the same time while the horse is galloping? The video be that they indeed were and, more eventfully, motion photography was born (boyslife.org).Not all people consider this film the first one, though. Some think the first film was Roundhay Garden Scene, re leased in 1888. Its a short clip directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince. While its fitting 2.11 seconds long, it is technically a movie (boyslife.org). According to the Guinness Book of Records, it is the overagedest surviving film in existence (boyslife.org).Eventually, films got longer. Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumire became prominent figures in the film world. They created various short films and were among the first filmmakers in history. Their films were unique at the time because instead of lasting a few seconds, they lasted a few minutes. The brothers even infused some comedy into their films. In one scene, a man is watering his garden, while a boy is stepping on his hose. The man, not noticing the boy, wonders why water stops burbly out of it. This slapstick humor would later become more prevalent in films such as Charlie Chaplin.The Lumire brothers were also iconic in the film world because they devised an early motion-picture camera and projector called the Cinmat ographe (cinema is derived from this name), according to britannica.com. This gizmo was a leap introductory because it allowed more people to simultaneously watch films. Previously, and one someone at a time could watch .Originally, the device was invented and patented as the Cinmatographe Lon Bouly by French inventor Lon Bouly on February 12, 1892. Bouly coined the term cinematograph, from the Greek term for writing in movement. Due to a lack of money, Bouly was unable to develop his ideas properly and maintain his patent fees, so he sold his rights to the device and its name to the Lumire Brothers. In 1895, they applied the name to a device that was largely their own creation. They made their first film, Sortie de lusine Lumire de Lyon, that same year (wikipedia.com).By 1895, the silent film era arrived. The earliest the Statesn films were primarily a ca-caing-class pastime. Because they told stories without words, they appealed to the large, aroundly illiterate immigrant d epartulation in the fall in States (the-artifice.com). After 1900, film became a more middle-class phenomenon, as filmmakers exploited films storytelling potential by adapting bourgeois novels, which incorporated middle-class values, for the screen (sparknotes.com).Until 1914, the major issue film industries were located in Italy, France, and the United States. When World War I came, it devastated the Italian and French film industries, allowing American producers to gain the lead on the global market. The major American increaseion companies haved their film technology patents and used their patent supplement to implement block booking on exhibitors (movie theater owners), which forced them to buy lower-quality product along with high-quality product (sparknotes.com).These exhibitors fought congest by buying small production companies, and eventually managed to beat out the major producers because they were quicker to adopt feature-length films, which proved to be more commer cially successful than the earlier shorts. From 1907-1913, more production companies travel from New York City to Los Angeles to work in the warm weather that allowed for year-round outdoor production, giving kin to the Hollywood film patience. The costs associated with vertical integration (the combination in one company of cardinal or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies) forced Hollywood studio apartments to seek investiture from Wall Street bankers. This development, along with the industrial modes of production pioneered and the bourgeois storytelling conventions introduced, turned Hollywood into a profit-driven opening move and its films into commercial products (sparknotes.com).One of the most prominent figures in US silent film was Charlie Chaplin. Between 1914 and 1918, Chaplin became the first international film star when he wrote, directed, and starred in short films as the Tramp, a poor figure with baggy pants, big shoes, funky mustach e, snazzy suit, and cane. For Chaplin, comedy was a way to examine the electrical shock of complaisant conventions and taboos on personal freedom and happiness. His Tramp character had lots of charisma sensible, brave, and wise except also flirty, vulnerable, and socially awkward. Chaplins criticism of leaders, moral and political telephone numbers, and material and psychological divisions between classes and genders reached its high token in later feature-length works, such as City Lights and Monsieur Verdoux (sparknotes.com).Film was making a name for itself. The idea of pictures coming to life was fascinating on a deep level. This kind of thing was universally recognize and respected. Movies with sound arrived on the scene. The era between 1930 and 1945 was called the Classical Period and was a monumental leap forward for the film world.The transition from silent to sound films caused great change in the film industry, requiring costly refurbishment of production studios a nd movie theaters, ending the careers of many silent film stars, and making it more difficult to wander films abroad. Hollywood took some time to overcome the artistic and technical challenges of sound film production, and the result was some(prenominal) years of bland output. For European filmmakers, production costs were expensive because Hollywood studios owned the patents to the new sound technology and licensed it at an expensive price. This allowed the US to continue to be dominant in the film world (sparknotes.com).By the mid-1930s, Hollywood entered a period of unmatched success and prosperity, with five major studios (Paramount, Warner Brothers, MGM, RKO, and Twentieth century Fox) and three minor studios (Universal, Columbia, and United Artists) introducing unique courses, musical styles, and stars. In 1934, under pressure from religious organisations such as the Legion of Decency, Hollywood implemented a Production Code that censored the limit of its films, filteri ng out portrayals of obscene sexuality, bad language, graphic violence, and drug use. During World War II, Hollywood contributed enormously to the war effort by the production of propaganda films (sparknotes.com).Despite the shift in film themes, the industry was soaring. Then World War II came. The period between 1946 and 1959 was know as the Postwar Period (britannica.com).The war affected American filmmakers and audiences, conduct to the production of dark, morally ambiguous and socially critical films in the film noir style. The US made various films depicting the USSRs idea of communism in a negative light. This anti-Communist sentiment flourished as the U.S.s former ally the Soviet Union became its primary enemy. In the 1949 movie The Red Menace, an ex-GI named Bill Jones becomes involved with the Communist ships company USA. While in training, Jones falls in love with one of his instructors. After a duration of be true followers of communism, they realize their mistake w hen they witness party leaders murder a portion who questions the partys principles. When they try to leave the party, the two are marked for murder and hunted by the partys assassins (wikipedia.com). New York clock journalist Bosley Crowther points out that the characters in the film are highly overdramatized and villainous to an unrealistic extent. She implies that this discredits the accuracy of the film. Nevertheless, the film was released to the American public, infusing them with skewed information.Another 1949 propaganda film, The Woman on Pier Thirteen, previously known as I Married a Communist, shares similar themes. In this film, Brad Collins, former stevedore, is rising fast in a shipping company when local communist agitators use his former Party affiliation to extort his help in stirring up trouble. When Brad resists, communist femme fatale Christine works through his brother-in-law Don. But Brads new wife Nan sees that her husband and brother are under pressure when she investigates on her own, party boss Vanning takes unpitying action (wikipedia.com). Again, communism is being portrayed in a negative light and as a threat to Americans. Communist leaders are being shown as evil and bloodthirsty. HUAC was formed to combat the threatof Communism. This organization tried professionals suspected of having Communist ties.As a result of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings, many of Hollywoods most talented actors, directors, and screenwriters were blacklisted by the studios because of suspected ties to the Communist Party. Some moved to Europe, some continued to work by using colleagues names as fronts, and others saw their careers and lives ruined (sparknotes.com).In response to competition from the new medium of television, Hollywood made films that showcased cinemas distinctive qualities stereophonic sound, large screen size, and color images, benefiting from the emergence of widescreen technology and better color film stock . By the mid-1950s, the blacklist and new technologies led Hollywood to concentrate on apolitical, spectacular films such as biblical epics, westerns, and musicals. A 1948 Supreme Court decision forced Hollywood studios to end their vertical integration policies, making the marketplace more competitive and increasing opportunities for independent and extraneous producers (sparknotes.com).The Postwar Period is when many of the most influential directors of all time arose. People like Orson come up and Alfred Hitchcock, directors who are put away well known today, got their start in this era. These directors would go on to be the inspiration for many modern day directors.Orson surface is very well known because he was one of the adolescentest directors of all time. In 1940, Welles signed a $225,000 contract with RKO to write, direct and produce two films. The deal gave the young filmmaker total creative control, as well as a percentage of the profits. At the time, this was the mos t lucrative deal ever made with an unproven filmmaker. Welles was just 24 years old (biography.com). Unlike many of his contemporaries, Welles gained international recognition mostly on the basis of only that film, which was Citizen Kane (1941). The film is full of technical innovations, including crane shots, overlapping dialogue, multiple audio tracks, purposely grainy film stock, and low-angle photography. It explores themes that Welles would revisit throughout his career the corruption of power and wealth, the fine line between desire and obsession, the dubiety of knowledge, and the limits of ego and emulation. Welless use of deep focus, long takes, and special lighting influenced a generation of filmmakers working in the postwar film noir and realist styles. Though rejected by audiences and undermined by studio executives throughout his career, Welles still managed to make several more highly eclated films, including The Lady from Shanghai (1948) and 1958s Touch of Evil (spa rknotes.com).Perhaps the only director more iconic to this era was Alfred Hitchcock. In a career spanning half a century, Hitchcock got acclaim in both his homeland Britain and Hollywood. He directed some of the most memorable films of all time, including The 39 Steps (1935), Vertigo (1958), and North by Northwest (1959). Influenced by German expressionism and Soviet montage, Hitchcock used flesh out visual and aural compositions to express his protagonists feelings of paranoia and claustrophobia, along with complex editing to create suspense. With a self sense of society, Hitchcock examined the abnormal perversions and obsessive desires lurking beneath the surface of ordinary lives and communities, enabling him to become an astute observer of America in the 1950s, the decade during which he directed his greatest films (sparknotes.com). He would later be deemed as the compass of suspense.By the time 1960 arrived, yet some other era of film history began. The time between 1960 an d 1979 was known as the Transitional Period. This period had its ups and downs but would eventually shape the modern movies we watch today.By the 1960s, Hollywood was in decline, unable to keep up with the radical political and cultural developments transforming American society. European films, however, render by government funding of film production, achieved unprecedented levels of critical acclaim and box-office success. The sophistication and creativity of these films led to the recognition of cinema as an artistic medium, not simply a form of mass entertainment (sparknotes.com).In contrast, Hollywood films in the early 1960s seemed devoid of style, boring, and out of touch. Less and less studio productions brought revenue. Hollywood reacted by cutting costs, entering into partnerships with independent and foreign producers, and allowing more flexibility in impairment of experimentation (sparknotes.com).One exception to the low quality films produced in the 1960s was Alfred H itchcocks Psycho. This film shocked audiences with a twist ending that audiences werent used to. The film was quite progressive for its time as well. The twist was that a man was dressing as his mother, taking on her identity, and killing women. Cross dressing, other than for comedy, was not popular yet and the fact that Hitchcock was daring enough to include this in his film, proved again to audiences that he was a force to be reckoned with.Still, most movies in the early 1960s were of lower quality unil Hollywood underwent another change in 1968. In 1968, the decades-old Production Code was scrapped, and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) began to issue movie ratings, which enabled the industry to make more daring and challenging films. These changes, along with a middle-class migration to the suburbs that leftover urban movie theaters in disarray, led to new genres such as exploitation and hardcore smut (sparknotes.com).More famous directors got onto the scene in the Transitional Period. One of these directors was Francis Ford Coppola. He directed four of the most important American films of the 1970s-The Godfather (1972), The Godfather Part II (1974), The Conversation (1974), and Apocalypse Now (1979). Coppola was also an accomplished producer and writer. Along with George Lucas, Martin Scorsese, and Brian De Palma, he was part of the first generation of filmmakers to attend film school. His training enabled him to combine visceral visual imagery, compelling storylines, and dynamic editing in order to create iconic portraits of American interests, whether at home or abroad. Coppola was renowned for his biting critique of the power dynamics of individual and family ambition amid the corrupting influence of American capitalism and imperialism (sparknotes.com).John Cassavetes was another memorable director from the Transitional Period. Considered the excogitation father of American independent cinema, Cassavetes was also a talented actor who accepted roles in Hollywood in order to fund his own films. His commitment to making films outside of the studio system became known and influenced a generation of American independent filmmakers. Cassavetes rejected the formulaic plots, essentialist characterizations, and tidy narrative resolutions of Hollywood cinema. His most influential films, Faces (1968), Husbands (1970), and A Woman Under the Influence (1974), feature iconic acting performances that reveal the crude(a) emotional energy of human interaction, chronicling the struggle of characters to express themselves honestly and fully under the pressure of elongate social and moral conventions (sparknotes.com).One of the few filmmakers to connect with the American counterculture was Arthur Penn, whose Bonnie and Clyde (1967) became the emblematic film of its generation. Influenced by the style and politics of the French New Wave and American underground cinema, Penn sought to overturn Hollywoods staid representational con ventions. Bonnie and Clyde incorporates many of the characteristics that would define American cinema for the next decade romantic anti-establishment heroes, explicit interposition of sexual and psychological issues, a negative portrayal of authority figures and societal institutions, graphic depiction of violence, genre hybridity ( a great deal a mixture of comedy and drama), and a refusal to resolve narrative conflicts tidily (sparknotes.com).By 1980, we reached our time period, the Contemporary Period. Multinational corporations bought and merged many movie studios, ending the period of artistic experimentation in Hollywood. The industry has returned to financial success and global dominance through the development of blockbuster franchises, large-scale marketing campaigns, and content aimed at children. It also has placed increasing emphasis on spectacular special effects in order to draw audiences into movie theaters. CGI was huge in this time period (empireonline.com). The em ergence of affordable digital video cameras and the growth of the film festival circuit have expanded the possibilities for independent filmmakers around the world to produce, distribute, and exhibit films (sparknotes.com).American independent film has flourished in the past 25 years, as well, emerging as a voice for those who do not identify with the image of America that Hollywood has projected. Independent films often contain explicit treatments of sexual, political, and psychological issues and avoid formulaic plots with happy endings and clearly defined characters. They are made by and for women (Susan Seidelman, Julie Dash), racial and ethnic minorities (Charles Burnett, Lourdes Portillo), gays and lesbians (Todd Haynes, Su Friedrich, Julie Zando), working classes (Michael Moore, John Sayles) and other groups who are not adequately correspond in mainstream cinema. Harmony Korine, John Waters, Jim Jarmusch, David Lynch, Terry Zwigoff, and Todd Solondz make films full of dark h umor that explore the lives of social misfits who are often ignored or ridiculed in Hollywood films. The success of the independents has led many Hollywood studios to establish subsidiaries that distribute smaller-budget films, blurring the lines of distinction between industrial and independent cinema. tonality films include Jim Jarmuschs Stranger than nirvana (1983), David Lynchs Blue Velvet (1986), Steven Soderberghs Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989), Spike Lees Do The Right Thing (1989), Quentin Tarantinos Reservoir Dogs (1992), and Wes Andersons 1998 film, Rushmore (sparknotes.com).Documentaries also soared in recent years. Challenging the tenets of direct, traditional cinema, many recent documentary filmmakers have included autobiographical and inbred elements in their films. Michael Moore and Marcel Ophuls insert themselves prominently into the fabric of their social and historical documentaries, both as on-camera interviewers and through voice-over, presenting themselves as near-mythical pursuers of truth and justice. Ross McElwee and Sadie Benning make introspective, essayistic films about their lives. Chris Marker and Marlon Riggs combine autobiography with political and philosophical analysis. Key films include Markers Sans Soleil (1983), McElwees Shermans March (1986), Ophulss Htel Terminus (1988), Moores Roger Me (1989), Riggss Tongues Untied (1990), and 1992s Bennings It Wasnt Love (sparknotes.com).The Contemporary Period gave us many of the directors we know and respect today. Directors like Steven Spielberg reinvented the way Hollywood works, and people like Oliver Stone brought a new edge to cinema.Spielberg has been at the forefront of Hollywoods reemergence as a dominant global industry. His 1975 film Jaws became the first modern blockbuster, revolutionizing the way Hollywood films are distributed and marketed. Jaws was released simultaneously in over 400 theaters, marketed extensively on national television, and timed for release in the s ummer, which linked thematically with its subject matter. In the 1980s, Spielberg showcased his storytelling talents with a series of hugely successful science fiction and adventure films such as Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) and E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982), which explicitly appealed to younger audiences. These films brought families back into theaters with compelling stories that were in line with Reagan-era ideals of family values and American moral and technological supremacy (sparknotes.com).Unlike that of Spielberg, Stones controversial career has been defined by its rebuttal to modern American values and trends. In a period when American films have become less historical and oppositional, Stone has made four of the most important political films of his generation, Salvador (1986), Platoon (1986), Wall Street (1987) and JFK (1991), in which he looks critically at Americas military-industrial complex, capitalist institutions, and foreign policy. In an era defined by mini mal political dissent, Stone has managed to produce controversial, instigating films because his considerable storytelling abilities have made many of his films commercially successful (sparknotes.com).Film has become a massive part of our society. Film influences pop culture, language, and fashion. Some movies teach us crucial life lessons, some expose American corruption, and some just provide us some much needed entertainment. The industry has evolved a lot since it began over a century ago. Every time period mentioned in this essay brought advancements to film. The Classical Period was a huge upgrade from the Silent Period because of the transition to sound. The Postwar Period was the most historically significant period of film. The Transitional Period reinvented the way Hollywood worked. The Contemporary Period shaped the films of today by introducing new concepts such as CGI and blockbuster multi part series. This is important because we can use films as doorways to the past. You can read about history, but to see it played out onscreen is incredible. By looking at films in the 60s, you can see how fashion then differed from the fashion we express today. By looking at a movie from the 90s, you can see what slang was used back then. Film has shaped the world we live in today and will continue to do so in the future.BibliographyEisenstein, S. (Director). (1925). The Battleship Potemkin Motion picture on DVD. Russia.Colman, D. (2011, phratry 20). The Birth of Film 11 Firsts in pic. 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